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| Blended learning ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Blended learning
Blended learning is a formal education program in which a student learns at least in part through delivery of content and instruction via digital and online media with some element of student control over time, place, path, or pace.〔Friesen, Norm (2012). ("Report:Defining Blended Learning" )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.knewton.com/blended-learning/ )〕 While still attending a “brick-and-mortar” school structure, face-to-face classroom methods are combined with computer-mediated activities.〔Strauss, Valerie (22 September 2012). (Three fears about blended learning ), ''The Washington Post''〕 Blended learning is also used in professional development and training settings, as it can be used to translate knowledge into a particular skill that is useful and practical for a specific job. A lack of consensus on a definition of blended learning has led to difficulties in research about its effectiveness in the classroom.〔Oliver M., Trigwell, K (2005) "Can 'Blended Learning' Be redeemed", E-Learning, Volume 2, Number 1〕
==Terminology==
The terms "blended," "hybrid," "technology-mediated instruction," "web-enhanced instruction," and "mixed-mode instruction" are often used interchangeably in research literature. The concept of blended learning has been around for a long time, but its terminology was not firmly established until about the start of 21st century. One of the earliest references to the term appears in a press release in 1999, when the Interactive Learning Centers, an Atlanta-based education business, announced its change of name to EPIC learning. The article mentions that “The Company currently operates 220 on-line courses, but will begin offering its Internet courseware using the company's Blended Learning methodology.”〔Interactive Learning Centers Announces Name Change to EPIC Learning. (1999, March 5). The Free Library. (1999). Retrieved October 18, 2013 from http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Interactive+Learning+Centers+Announces+Name+Change+to+EPIC+Learning.-a054024665〕
The meaning of blended learning widely diverged to encompass a wide variety of synthesis in learning methods until 2006, when the first ''Handbook of Blended Learning'' by Bonk and Graham was published. Graham challenged the breadth and ambiguity of the term's definition, and defined 'blended learning systems' as learning systems that "combine face-to-face instruction with computer mediated instruction."〔Bonk, C.J., & Graham, C.R. (2006). The handbook of blended learning environments: Global perspectives,
local designs. San Francisco: Jossey‐Bass/Pfeiffer. p.5〕 Currently, use of the term ''blended learning'' mostly involves "combining Internet and digital media with established classroom forms that require the physical co-presence of teacher and students."〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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